Histatins are anti-microbial peptides begin in saliva. They are anticipation to be the above forerunner to the careful proteinaceous structures on tooth surfaces.
Function: Histatins are salivary proteins that are considered to be major precursors of the protective proteinaceous structure on tooth surfaces (enamel pellicle). In addition, histatins exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activities. Histatin-3 1/24 (Histatin 5) is especially effective against C.albicans and C.neoformans, and inhibits Lys-gingipain and Arg-gingipain (rgpB) from P.gingivalis. In addition, histatin-3 1/24 is a potent inhibitor of metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9.
Histatins are human histidine-rich and mostly cationic proteins identified originally by Oppenheim et al (1988) as antimicrobial and fungistatic peptides in human parotid and submandibular-sublingual gland secretions. Histatins possess antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi. Some histatins have been found to be binding proteins for tannins Histatin-5 has been shown to be a strong inhibitor of trypsin-like protease produced by Bacteroides gingivalis and also inhibits Clostripain. Gusman et al (2001) have reported that histatin-5 inhibits the activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, Histatin is acftive against the human parasitic protozoa Leishmania.
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